ANSWER:

To find Miguel’s salary when he is half a standard deviation below the mean, use the z-score formula in reverse:

$$X = \mu + (z \times \sigma)$$

Where:

• $\mu = 80{,}000$

• $\sigma = 5{,}000$

• $z = -0.5$

$$X = 80{,}000 + (-0.5 \times 5{,}000)$$ $$X = 80{,}000 - 2{,}500$$ $$X = 77{,}500$$

✅ Miguel makes $77,500.